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Python Operators

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Python Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Example

print(10 + 5)
Run example »

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Comparison operators
  • Logical operators
  • Identity operators
  • Membership operators
  • Bitwise operators

Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

Operator Name Example Try it
+ Addition x + y Try it »
- Subtraction x - y Try it »
* Multiplication x * y Try it »
/ Division x / y Try it »
% Modulus x % y Try it »
** Exponentiation x ** y Try it »
// Floor division x // y Try it »

Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

Operator Example Same As Try it
= x = 5 x = 5 Try it »
+= x += 3 x = x + 3 Try it »
-= x -= 3 x = x - 3 Try it »
*= x *= 3 x = x * 3 Try it »
/= x /= 3 x = x / 3 Try it »
%= x %= 3 x = x % 3 Try it »
//= x //= 3 x = x // 3 Try it »
**= x **= 3 x = x ** 3 Try it »
&= x &= 3 x = x & 3 Try it »
|= x |= 3 x = x | 3 Try it »
^= x ^= 3 x = x ^ 3 Try it »
>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3 Try it »
<<= x <<= 3 x = x << 3 Try it »

Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Operator Name Example Try it
== Equal x == y Try it »
!= Not equal x != y Try it »
> Greater than x > y Try it »
< Less than x < y Try it »
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y Try it »
<= Less than or equal to x <= y Try it »

Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

Operator Description Example Try it
and Returns True if both statements are true x < 5 and x < 10 Try it »
or Returns True if one of the statements is true x < 5 or x < 4 Try it »
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true not(x < 5 and x < 10) Try it »

Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

Operator Description Example Try it
is Returns True if both variables are the same object x is y Try it »
is not Returns True if both variables are not the same object x is not y Try it »

Python Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

Operator Description Example Try it
in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object x in y Try it »
not in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object x not in y Try it »

Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator Name Description Example Try it
& AND Set each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 x & y Try it »
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 x | y Try it »
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 x ^ y Try it »
~ NOT Inverts all the bits ~x Try it »
<< Zero fill left shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off x << 2 Try it »
>> Signed right shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off x >> 2 Try it »

Operator Precedence

Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed.

Example

Parentheses have the highest precedence, meaning that expressions inside parentheses must be evaluated first:

print((6 + 3) - (6 + 3))
Run example »

Example

Multiplication * has higher precedence than addition +, and therefor multiplications are evaluated before additions:

print(100 + 5 * 3)
Run example »

The precedence order is described in the table below, starting with the highest precedence at the top:

Operator Description Try it
() Parentheses Try it »
** Exponentiation Try it »
+x  -x  ~x Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT Try it »
*  /  //  % Multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus Try it »
+  - Addition and subtraction Try it »
<<  >> Bitwise left and right shifts Try it »
& Bitwise AND Try it »
^ Bitwise XOR Try it »
| Bitwise OR Try it »
==  !=  >  >=  <  <=  is  is not  in  not in  Comparisons, identity, and membership operators Try it »
not Logical NOT Try it »
and AND Try it »
or OR Try it »

If two operators have the same precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.

Example

Addition + and subtraction - has the same precedence, and therefor we evaluate the expression from left to right:

print(5 + 4 - 7 + 3)
Run example »

Test Yourself With Exercises

Exercise:

Multiply 10 with 5, and print the result.

print(10  5)

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